Contents

PREFACE S145

CONTENTS S146

INTRODUCTION S148

PART 1: GENERAL SIMULATION PROBLEMS
AND ESTIMATING THE COMPOSITION
OF HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS

Chapter 1. Introduction into the Problem S149

Chapter 2. Estimation of the Composition of Hydrothermal Solutions S159

2.1. Method of boundary reactions: estimation of the composition
of solutions inducing various metasomatic rock alterations S160

2.2. Method of discrete reactors: two types of wall-rock argillisites S164

2.3. Simulation of the general regularities controlling
the chemical composition of thermal waters
in aluminosilicate rocks S170

2.4. Estimation of the ore potential of hydrothermal solutions S178

2.5. Conclusions S180

PART 2: GENESIS OF ORE MINERALIZATION UNDER
NEARLY ISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS

Chapter 3. Origin of Ore Mineralization in a Medium
with Unequal Filtration Properties and a Homogeneous
Chemical Composition S180

3.1. Brief characterization of the Chauli deposit S180

3.2. Model structure and modeling boundary conditions S184

3.3. Model for the development of U-Pb mineralized veins
at the expense of metals from the country rocks S186

3.3.1. Three-rhythm basic model for conventional deposit S189

3.3.2. Effect of the compositions of the initial solutions
on the development of ore mineralization S196

3.4. Development of primary wall-rock aureoles of the distribution
of metals and the inner structure of these aureoles S205

3.5. Additional corollaries of models for the self-regulating flows
of hydrothermal solution (general implications) S212

3.6. Synthesis and conclusions S228

Chapter 4. Origin of Ore Mineralization during the Mixing
of Thermal Solutions that Percolate through Rocks
of Contrasting Chemical Composition S228

4.1. Structure of the models and boundary conditions S230

4.2. Origin of solutions with different properties S231

4.3. Development of orebodies during the mixing of pore solution flows
in transverse fractures S236

4.4. Geochemical implications of the model S238

4.5. Conclusions S239

PART 3: GENESIS OF ORE MINERALIZATION UNDER A TEMPERATURE
(PRESSURE) GRADIENT S240

Chapter 5. Regularities in the Distribution of Elements
in the Nearest Wall Rocks at Pb--Zn Deposits S242

5.1. Methods of field research and processing
of primary geochemical data S242

5.2. Regularities in the distribution of elements S244

5.3. Discussion of the results and formulation of the simulation problems S247

5.4. Conclusions S252

Chapter 6. Equilibrium-Dynamic Models for the Mobilization
of Ore Components and the Development of Ore Mineralization
and Alteration Aureoles at Vein Base-Metal Deposits S253

6.1. Model for the mobilization of ore components S253

6.1.1. Model formulation and simulation techniques S253

6.1.2. Thermodynamic simulation results S255

6.1.3. Discussion of the results S264

6.1.4. Conclusions S268

6.2. Models for the genesis of mineralized veins S268

6.2.1. Simulation technique S268

6.2.2. Thermodynamic simulation results S269

6.2.3. Comparison of the simulation results with factual data and their discussion S281

6.2.4. Conclusions S287

6.3. Models for the development of aureoles S287

6.3.1. Simulation methods and conditions S287

6.3.2. Thermodynamic simulation results S290

6.3.3. Comparison of the simulation results with natural observations S300

6.3.4. Conclusions S301

6.4. General conclusions on chapter 6 S302

SUMMARY S302

GENERAL CONCLUSION S303

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS S304

REFERENCES S304